Unemployment benefits and social assistance in Bulgaria remain among the lowest in the EU, according to recommendations from the EU Council. The country is urged to improve access to integrated social and employment services, ensure more effective minimum income support, and strengthen healthcare by reducing out-of-pocket payments and addressing shortages of medical staff.
In 2023, Bulgaria’s social protection spending was only 18.3% of GDP, compared to the EU average of 26.8%, with minimal support for families and the unemployed. Only 25.1% of short-term unemployed received benefits in 2024. Social transfers reduced poverty by just 27.7%, below the EU average of 34.4%. Energy poverty also remains a challenge, with many households unable to heat their homes adequately, despite new legislation.
The Council recommends developing targeted support schemes, investing in energy efficiency, sustainable transport, and better water and waste management. It also calls for higher investment in R&D, closer cooperation between academia and business, improved teacher training, inclusive education for disadvantaged groups, and measures to increase employment among vulnerable communities.
